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6 SheetsSheet 1. D. K. OSBOURNE.

JAIL,

Patented Dec. 6, 18-92.

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D. K. OSBOURNE. JAIL.

No. 481,448. Patented Dec. 1892.

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.( d l.) BSheets-Sheet 5. D. K. OSB'OURNEL' JAIL. No. 487,448. PatentedDec. 6-, 1892.

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1). K. OSBOURNE.

JAIL,

Nb; 487,448.. Patented Dec, 6, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 487,448, dated December6, 1892.

Application filed August 6, 1891. Serial No. 401,937. (No model.)

interior of the building with an open passageway or corridor entirelysurrounding and separating them from the outer walls of the building,the cells themselves being constructed with open-work metallic walls andceiling. I

The object of my invention is to simplify and reduce the cost of thestructure, to so arrange the'parts that the greatest amount possible oflight and air is admitted through the walls, to utilize the wallstructure itself for the purpose of heating the cells, and, further, toprotect the walls in the most efficient manner from being cut or brokenthrough by prisoners attempting to escape.

To this end my invention consists,primarily, in emplying in theconstruction of the walls of the cells and other exposed barriersordinary iron pipes, the different sections of which are coupledtogether in the ordinary manner by elbows and return-joints, so that thesections are held substantially parallel with each other and severalinches apart, the pipes being supported in proper position by beingcarried through openings in flat steel bars which entirely surround thestructure, thus constituting a substantial frame. The entire structureis then preferably anchored in a bed of solid concrete, which entirelycovers and conceals the bottom of the frame and the series offloor-pipes. The outer portions of the structure are protected againstthe attack of prisoners attempting to cut through the same by means ofelectric wires inclosed in the pipes and arranged in closed circuitswith electric batteries and alarm-signals. The inner portions of thestructuresuch as the partitions between the cells andexercise-corridors-I utilize for heating purposes by connecting theseries of pipes with a suitable source of steam or hot-Water supply.This tion.

and the like, comprising pipes, insulated conductors forming a circuit,passing through said pipes, and a battery and alarm included in thecircuit of said conductors.

My invention further consists in the construction and combinationhereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, forming 7 part of this specification,Figure 1 is aside elevation of a jail-cell and its connectingexercise-corridor, showing the outer door of the corridor. Fig. 2 is asectional plan view of ,the same, showing a portion of the cell-ceil-.ing, the concrete floor, and the pipes embedded in the concrete. Fig. 3is a partial front elevation of the partition-Wall between the ;thepipes of one wall abutting against another.

Fig. 7 is a detail showing an elbow in the 'corner of the structure andits casing, a framebar supporting the pipe, and the electric-wire cablein the pipe. part of one of the frame-bars. :are details of aportion ofthe sheet-metal cell- Figs. 8 and 9 are details of 2. Figs. 10 and 11partition. Fig. 12 is adetail of a window-guard. Fig. 13 is a sectionaldetail of a part of the jouter prison wall and window, showing series ofpipes inclosed in the wall and provided with inclosed electric Wires,the pipes extending across the window and serving as a guard. Fig. 14 isadetail showing a detachable sheetmetal celltable. Fig. 15 is asectional side elevation of the same, showing the manner of attaching itto the pipes of the wall. Fig. 16 is a diagrammatic plan view of thesystem of electric wires arranged in the pipes of the structure andtheir battery and alarm-signal connections. Fig. 17 is adetaildiagraminatic view showing the manner of connecting the cable ofwires with an electric battery and signaling apparatus located in thejailers apartment.

In the ordinary structuresof this classthere is usually provided aseries of two-or more cells having doors opening into anexercisecorridor running in front of the cells, this corridor having adoor opening into the outer or guards corridor. Thus the side and rearwalls of the cells and the end walls and one side wall of the corridorform the inclosing barrier for the prisoners, separating them from theinterior of the building, while there are partitions separating thecells from each other and from the common exercise-corridor.

In order to furnish light and ventilation to the prisoners, the wallsand ceiling of the structure are made of open-work, either perforatedsteel plates or heavy parallel bars supported in a strong frame, orcrossed bars in the form of checker-work with square openings between.

In order to make this structure sufiiciently strong to resist attack, itis necessarily made of the hardest steel and the parts of such size thatonly a small amountof light and air can pass through. As in my improvedconstruction I do not seek to provide a structure which in itself isstrong enough to resist all possible attack, but simply able to resistall ordinary attempts to cut or break through it, the cost is very muchless than that of the other structures described, and is in itselfsufiicieutly strong for use in temporary lockups, so called, where aprisoner cannot procure tools or have suflicient time to cut through. Inthe case of jails and prisons, however, I protect the pipes of thestructure from attack by means of the described in closed electricwires, so that it is practically impossible foraprisoner to cut througha-single pipe of the structure without giving an alarm, which enablesescape to be absolutely prevented. I also provide similarly-constructedwindow-guards for the outer walls of the building, and in the originalconstruction of the building, in some cases, I similarly protect them byembedding in the masonry series of connected pipes having inclosedelectric wires arranged in circuit, as described, whereby the outerwalls of the building are made practically impregnable, so that in manycases the electrical protection for the cells is dispensed with. \Vherethe walls are thus constructed, the pipes are carried past the windows,and thus serve as elficient guards.

Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings show a series of cells A A, havingindependent doors H opening into a common exercise-corridor B, whichcorridor is provided with a door K, opening outward into the guardscorridor D. The walls of the cells and corridor are made of series ofpipes extending preferably horizontally and supported in place by meansof iron or steel frame-bars 3, which entirely surround the structure andwhich are perforated to receive the pipes. The side-wall pipes aredesignated by 2, the floor-pipes by 43, the ceiling-pipes by 45, andthose of the partition between the cells and the corridor B by 14. Theelbows 4, connecting the pipes at the corners of the structure, and thereturn-joints 40, connecting the ends of parallel pipe-sections,arepreferably inclosed and protected by angle-bars 5, securely bolted orriveted together to form a case or box 0, the pipes entering through thesides of the case, as shown best in detail, Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7. Thereturn-joints of the pipes, forming the wall of the cells next theexercise-corridor are preferably interlocked with the pipes, or thereturn-joints of the pipes, as the case may be, of the outer or sidewall, against which it abuts, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, therebystrengthening and staying the walls. The pipes 2, forming theinclosiugwall of the cells and exercise corridor, are preferably connected in oneset or series, while the pipes of the roof, those of the floor, andthose of the partition-wall between the cells and corridor form othersets. The lower part of the structureis embeddedin a mass of concrete 7,which serves as a floor for the cells and corridors and firmly anchorsthe structure in place.

Each of the series of pipes forming the walls, ceiling, and door of thestructure is threaded with insulated wire-that in the sidewall pipesbeing designated by 6, that in the ceiling-pipes by 21, and that in thefloor-pipes by 41. These wires are preferably conducted to a commoninclosing pipe or conduit 8,which is covered by the concrete and extendsunderneath thejailers office E, which is separated from the guardscorridor D by the wall 10, where they are connected in closed circuitwith batteries F and signaling apparatus G.

(Illustrated diagramatically in Fig. 17.) Any suitable signaling deviceor indicatordesired may be employed by means of which an alarm is givenwhen the circuit is broken. Thus,

the different parts of the structure are independently connected withsignaling apparatus, so that the signal or alarm given will indicate thepart of the structure which is being tampered with. The cells areseparated from each other preferably by means of solid sheet-steelpartitions 11, the pipes of the ceiling, wall, and floor being carriedthrough the openings in the edges of the partition,as well as throughthe frame-bars 3.

The cell and corridor-doors are formed, preferably,with verticalpipes12, held inthe framepieces or cross-bars 13, the doors being seenred by any suitable locking devices, which form no part of thisinvention, but are to be included in a separate application. The pipes14, forming the partition between the cells and corridor B, ordinarilydo not need to be protected by electric wires, since they are inclosedby the electricallyprotected on ter Walls of the corridor, and aretherefor preferably arranged at a slight angle and connected at thebottom, as shown in Fig. 3, with a pipe 15, extending through theconcrete 7 and connected with a suitable source of steam-supply, andthus utilized for heating the cells. The pipes of the door K, betweenthe exercise-corridor and the guards corridor D, are provided with aninclosed electric wire 42, which is connected with the system when thedoor is closed by means of the insulated contacts 17, arranged in theframe 18 of the door and bearing upon the similar contacts 19 in thedoor-jamb 20, the contacts 19 being connected with the wire 44, which isled downward within the casing of door-jamb to the conduit 8, and thenceto its battery and signaling apparatus. For this electrical protectionof the pipes of the structure a single insulated wire in each case maybe employed, or a plurality of similar wires interwoven in a cable, sothat it is impossible to trace any particular wire in the cable. Theseveral wires may then be connected with separate batteries and signals,thereby multiplying the guards for the pipe, so that in case of anybattery or other part of the system failing to operate there will beothers in readiness to give a signal when their wires are severed.

In Fig. 16 is diagrammaticallyillustrated a system of wires, showing anarrangement designed to prevent the possibility of connecting differentpoints of the cable by a loop or loops as a part of the circuit and thencutting out the intermediate portion of the cable, whereby the electriccurrents would be undisturbed and no signal sounded. In the diagram fivewires a, b, c, d, and e are shown. The wire a forms a closed circuitconnected with the battery x. The Wire balso forms a closed circuit withthe same battery, but with opposite connections, so that the directionof current throughthe wires ct and b, as they are arranged in thesystem, is opposite. c and d are open-circuit wires connected,respectively, with the binding-posts of the battery y, while 6 is adead-wire, being without battery connection. Each of the wires a, b, andc is shown connected with a signaling apparatus 8.

If it is desired to cutout the portion of the wires of the cable betweenthe points marked with a cross and the cable on one side is connectedby. a loop 46 with a point on the other side, the currents flowing overboth the wires 00 and I? would be short-circuited, cutting out theirsignals, which would thus sound the same as if the wires were broken.The wires 0 and 61 would also be connected and a circuit closed throughtheir battery and signal, causing an alarm. If the attempt be made toconnect the wires independently by separate loops, it would bepractically impossible from the danger of making a single misconnection.For example,- if theloop 22, connected at one end to a, should beconnected at the other to b then the currents of both wires would bebroken and both signals sounded. Similarly if a be connected by eitherof the loops 23, 24, or 25 with c, d, or (2 its circuit will be broken.Similarly if c is connected by a loop 47 with d their circuit will beclosed. Any number of wires and batteries desired may be employed tomake the difficulties of connectionpractically insurmountable. The sameplan is followed in the construction of windowguards, as shown in Fig.12, in which a series of vertical pipes 26 is supported in the crossbars27 in the window L, the cross-bars being anchored in the walls 28 andthe pipes being provided with the electric-wire cable 29, leading toasuitable source of electric energy and signaling apparatus. In theoriginal construction of a prison I prefer to arrange a system of pipes30, embedded in the masonry of the walls 28, and to provide these pipeswith inclosed electric-wire cable 31 in the same manner and with similarattachments as those before described. In such case the window L isprotected by the pipes extending across the same from the walls on eachside. This feature of the construction, however, is not claimed herein,it being embodied and claimed in a separate application. In Fig.1 thelockboX 32, arranged adjacent to the door K to conceal and protect thelocking rack-bar 33 and its operating-lever 34, may be utilized aboveand below the locking apparatus for the storing of tools and weapons. InFigs. 14 and 15 is shown a convenient form of celltable. This table 35is formed, preferably, of sheet metal, having hooks 36 at its rear edge,adapted to hook over a pipe in the side wall of the cell, and provided,also, with braces 37, each having a fork or crotch 38, which fits over alower pipe in the wall, as shown best in Fig. 15. The table can thus bereadily attached to the pipes of the wall or detached therefrom,although ordinarily arranged at a convenient height for the prisonerseated on the fixed seat 39 in the corner of the cell.

I claim- 1. In a barrier or wall for jails and analogous structures, thecombination of the hollow electric conductor and the insulated electricconductor arranged therein.

2. In a wall or barrier for jails and analogous structures, thecombination of the tubular electric conductor and the electric conductorincluded therein, but insulated therefrom.

3. In a barrier or wall for jails and analogous structures, thecombination of the tubular electric conductor and the electric conductorarranged therein, but insulated therefrom, and in circuit with a sourceof electrical energy and a signaling apparatus.

4. In jails and analogous structures, an open-work wall or barriercomprising, in combination, a series of tubular electric conductors, asupporting-frame therefor, and electric conductors threaded through saidtubular conductors, substantially as described.

5. In jails and analogous structures, an open-work wall or barriercomprising, in combination, a supporting-frame, a series of tubularelectric conductors arranged therein, and insulated electric conductorsthreaded there- IIO ing walls composedof series of pipes, thecombination therewith of series of wiresthreaded through said pipes andoppositely connected in closed circuit with a suitable sourceofele'ctrical energy and a signaling apparatus, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 20 my hand this 27th day ofJuly, 1891.

DAVID K. OSBOURNE.

In presence ot' T. D. MERWIN, A. MAE WELoH.

